This article applies local grid refinements lgr integrated with. Pressure transient analysis using generated well test data from simulation of selected wells in norne. Elseviers developments in petroleum science book series is designed to provide a comprehensive source of detailed information on all aspects of petroleum science the series covers the fields of petroleum geology, exploration, and engineering in its broadest possible sense. Schematic of a locally refined grid embedded within a coarse grid. In basin modelling, lgr has not yet been implemented. The eclipse industryreference blackoil simulator offers the most complete and robust set of numerical solutions for fast and accurate prediction of dynamic behaviorfor all types of reservoirs and degrees of complexity, structure, geology, fluids, and development schemes. Flow simulation using local grid refinements to model laminated reservoirs. Grid coarsening may be used to amalgamate cells in regions of the reservoir which are less important to speed up simulation run times. A schematic diagram of this process is shown in figure 1. It can be simply considered as the process of mimicking the behavior of fluid flow in a.
Pdf modeling hydraulic fractures in finite difference. In this chapter, we present an integrated reservoir simulation framework to perform sensitivity analysis, history matching and economic optimization for shale gas and tight oil reservoirs by integrating numerical reservoir simulators, the semianalytical model developed in chapter 3, an economic model, two statistical methods including design of. Local grid refinement, it is a widely used expression for the process of dividing one or several grids in the reservoir model into smaller sized grids allowing enhanced grid definition, which is useful for modeling wells or hydraulic fractures and other complex reservoir structures. This model is used to determine how well the reservoir characterization is able to capture the dynamic reservoir response to the miscible sgi process. A more flexible approach of dynamic local grid refinement. Vectorization and parallel processing of local grid refinement and adaptive implicit schemes in a general purpose reservoir simulator. Development and testing of a staticdynamic local grid.
It is used to add detail where justified by data availability and to keep a coarse resolution where less data are available. A flexible gridding technique introduces both static and dynamic local grid refinement for multiple space dimensions. Embedded discrete fracture modeling and application in reservoir simulation is an essential reference for anyone interested in performing. Jacobs koninklijkelshell exploratie en produktie laboratorium, rijswijk, the netherlands received may 9, 1986. A version of modflow, called modflowlgr for local grid refinement was developed mehl and hill, 2005 to support the use of locally refined grids to simulate groundwater flow. Modflowlgr allows smaller parts of a larger model domain to be refined without refining the entire model. Modflowlgrdocumentation of ghost node local grid refinement. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids typically, oil, water, and gas through porous media. Lgr stands for local grid refinement reservoir engineering. Brief introduction about reservoir modeling and simulation. Book examples the matlab reservoir simulation toolbox.
This paper describes a new and more flexible approach of dynamic local grid refinement, which can also be used to subdivide the grid block fixedly in any desired parts of reservoir. Reservoir simulation process reservoir simulation is briefly. The inserted grid may be cartesian center or radial upper left. Sep 15, 2016 one challenge of the estimation of the recovery is to properly model complex hydraulic fracture geometries which are often assumed to be planar due to the limitation of local grid refinement approach. The question is not whether to simulate, but rather which tool or method to use. Basic applied reservoir simulation turgay ertekin george e. On the factors influencing the grid orientation effect in.
Adaptive refinement of grid in this example, we show how to make grids that dynamically adapt to an advancing saturation front. Adaptive local grid refinement and multigrid in numerical reservoir. Modeling hydraulic fractures in finite difference simulators. A nonlinear multigrid algorithm is proposed for solving the coupling between coarse and fine meshes. On the forum i found that local refinement is usually done by creating a separate region with a denser grid. Export the case from petrel and run simulations using eclipse blackoil. Parallel reservoir simulation is an important approach to solving realtime reservoir management problems. One challenge of the estimation of the recovery is to properly model complex hydraulic fracture geometries which are often assumed to be planar due to. Local grid refinement for such types of problems has been used widely in the petroleum engineering literature, e. Jun 11, 2005 a numerical method is described for the simulation of miscible and immiscible fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Grid sensitivity studies in hydraulically fractured low. The importance of very careful treatment of the difference stars near the composite grid interfaces has been demonstrated experimentally in 14. Pressure transient analysis using generated well test data.
Dynamic local grid refinement tu delft repositories. Basics of reservoir simulation with the eclipse reservoir simulator. Tracers, pulse tests, multiphase meters, gas saturation logging, and production and injection are used to monitor and understand reservoir performance. King, basic applied reservoir simulation, spe textbook vol 10, 2001. Performances of advanced or smart well completions are very dependent on changes in flow rate, pressure, and saturations, which mainly occur in areas around the wells. A musthave handbook for anyone involved in reservoir simulation, reservoir simulation will help the reader decide when and how to use simulation for forecasting.
The amount of fundamental blocks and subblocks can be minimized by using a stepbystep scheme of subdivision almost without any restriction. Series of buildup test at wels l d1h in csegment were performed to recognize the significance level of local grid refinement lgr near. The course covers following advanced eclipse and petrel reservoir engineering modules. Recently, it has become common practice to use local grid refinement for various numerical reservoir simulations. Nearwell local space and time refinement in reservoir. How is local grid refinement reservoir engineering abbreviated. Operator splitting and defect correction are used to deal separately with elliptic and hyperbolic problems. Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behavior assumes.
Still reservoir simulation is regularly used with great success, and remains. We discuss local grid refinement procedures for reservoir simulation, including local timestepping, which means the use of different time step sizes in the coarse and refined regions. Reservoir simulation is a key tool to get insight in complex fluid flow phenomena occurring in many petroleum reservoirs, creating the possibility to quantify fluid. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids typically, oil, water, and gas through porous media under the model in the broad scientific sense of the word, they understand a real or mentally created structure that reproduces or reflects the object being studied.
Nearwell local space and time refinement in reservoir simulation. If local grid refinements are included in the model, they must be specified. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering that, combining physics, mathematics, and computer programming to a reservoir model allows the analysis and the prediction of the fluid behavior in the reservoir over time. The amount of fundamental blocks and subblocks can be minimized by using a stepby. Adaptive local grid refinement and multigrid in numerical. Local grid refinement methods for basin modeling search and. Discretization and gridding in reservoir simulation 2. A specialized simulation model the sgi monitoring model was constructed which uses local grid refinement in the sgi pattern area. This article applies local grid refinements lgr integrated with upscaling procedures to improve the representation of highly laminated reservoirs in flow simulation by preserving the static. A more flexible approach of dynamic local grid refinement for. In reservoir simulations, nearwell regions usually require. This chapter introduces the local grid refinement lgr. This textbook is only one of the tools to teach the reservoir simulation techniques at. The grid forms automatically and with the minimum number of cells for faster simulations.
Flexible gridding has the potential of increasing the accuracy in numerical simulation of flow through hydrocarbon reservoirs within limitations in computing time. The pressure is treated in a finiteelement manner, while the mobility terms are upstream weighted in the. Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behavior assumes the appearance of actual reservoir behavior. Parallel reservoir simulation with openacc and domain.
Basic applied reservoir simulation by fmursa issuu. Upscaling of grid properties in reservoir simulation petrowiki. This volume presents a conventional numerical model to handle simple and complex fractures using local grid refinement lgr and unstructured gridding. This is an area of reservoir engineering where the flow of fluids through porous media is predicted with the aid of computer models.
Local grid refinement lgr is applied in reservoir simulation routinely for structured and unstructured grids and implemented in commercial simulators. Heinemann et al 1983 discuss dynamic grid refinement to improve the. This bestselling volume, written by experienced simulation users, was designed to help demystify the whats and whys of designing, editing, and analyzing reservoir simulations. A common requirement in reservoir simulation is an increased level of detail around an item of interest such as a well. The impact of nearwellbore refinement on modelling. The approach of local grid refinement is used to model biwing hydraulic fractures or. Application of a local grid refinement protocol to analyze the performance of reservoir systems with complex well architectures a thesis in energy and mineral engineering by liwei hu 2011 liwei hu submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science december 2011. Local grid refinement is a technique which aims to provide improved accuracy in subregions of a reservoir simulation study. Determination of fracture scale limit in numerical simulations of. A multigrid procedure for local grid refinement in oil. Fractured vuggy reservoir, numerical simulation, fracture, scale. The tests were first started by producing the well at a constant rate for 10 days, and then shuttingin the well for at least 24 hours.
Reservoir engineering software globat oil and gas skills. In the study, an objective function based icv optimization strategy was used to identify the optimum settings for every time step during the simulation run. Under the model in the broad scientific sense of the word, they understand a real or mentally created structure that reproduces or reflects the object being studied. Modeling hydraulic fractures in finite difference simulators using amalgam local grid refinement lgr. Simulation study of co 2 eor in tight oil reservoirs with. The impact of nearwellbore refinement on modelling advanced. Reservoir simulator classifications why it is accepted.
Reservoir engineering software is used during reservoir simulation. Finite element methods for nonlinear flows in porous media. Local grid refinement cfd online discussion forums. Local grid refinement methods for implicit solvers. Upscaling is performed for each of the cells in the coarse grid and for each of the grid properties needed in the reservoir flowsimulation model. In this paper, a uniform coarse grid and local refined grid are used. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to. Both theoretical and computational results are described, together with an indication of the present and future uses of finite element methods in largescale reservoir simulation. Therefore, the upscaling process is essentially an averaging procedure in which the static and dynamic characteristics of a finescale model are to be approximated by that of a coarsescale model. Porous media flow on locally refined grids springerlink. Reservoir simulation course grid given difficulty of measuring rock properties, it is common to use geostatical methods to. Pdf flow simulation using local grid refinements to model. Journal of computational physics 77, 140165 1988 adaptive local grid refinement and multi grid in numerical reservoir simulation g. The tools of reservoir simulation range from the intuition and judgment of the engineer to complex mathematical models requiring use of digital computers.
Natural fractured reservoir engineering phdg textbooks in preparation, intended to be issued during 2015. The importance of reservoir model grid refinement, determination of reservoir communication across the. A specialized simulation model monitoring model was constructed which uses local grid refinement in the sgi pattern area. Siam journal on applied mathematics siam society for. Eclipse technical appendices or many books on the subject, but many. The unstructured voronoi numerical model is common to saphir, topaze and rubis, only the local grid refinement around the wells will be different. Mathematics and computers in simulation 118, 273292. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation sciencedirect. Mathematical model computer codes numerical model physical model figure 1. A controlvolume, finiteelement method for local mesh. Reservoir fluid characterisation supplementary scripts used at the montanuniversitat up to the retirement.
Upscaling is performed for each of the cells in the coarse grid and for each of the grid properties needed in the reservoir flow simulation model. Lgr is defined as local grid refinement reservoir engineering somewhat frequently. Module containing all the scripts used for the examples, exercises, and figures in the book an introduction to reservoir simulation using matlab by knutandreas lie. Local grid refinements a finer grid embedded inside of a coarse grid are also a feature provided by many. Pdf flow simulation using local grid refinements to. Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering 1. Siam journal on applied mathematics society for industrial. Introduction webster defines simulate as to assume the appearance of without reality. A comprehensive prediction model of hydraulic extendedreach limit considering the allowable range of drilling fluid flow rate in horizontal drilling. This is frequently obtained in structured grids by local grid refinement, replacing a set of cells in the original grid by a finer grid fig. Both the reservoir grid and numerical simulation grid are all created from the watertight structural framework, which enables the structure of the reservoir property model to be consistent with the structure of the numerical simulation grid, honoring to high levels of.
Journal of computational physics 77, 140165 1988 adaptive local grid refinement and multigrid in numerical reservoir simulation g. This paper reports that simple, efficient, and stable static and dynamic local gridrefinement procedures for multidimensional, multibase petroleum reservoir problems are developed and tested by isothermal reservoir simulation. Upscaling of grid properties in reservoir simulation. The displacement fronts in heterogeneous three dimensional reservoirs with two phase immiscible flow were more accurately tracked using adaptive local grid refinement ding and lemonnier, 1993. The paper demonstrates the use of local grid refinement lgr in the nearwellbore region to enhance the accuracy level of simulation predictions. This paper reports that simple, efficient, and stable static and dynamic local grid refinement procedures for multidimensional, multibase petroleum reservoir problems are developed and tested by isothermal reservoir simulation. A numerical method is described for the simulation of miscible and immiscible fluid flow in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Mathematical structure of the blackoil model for petroleum. Reservoir simulation is used for forecasting, decision making and management of oil and gas reservoirs. Modeling hydraulic fractures in finite difference simulators using amalgam local grid refinement lgr impact of stressdependent matrix and fracture properties on shale gas production. Introduction to reservoir simulation as practiced in industry. Since the trailing part of the geometry is complex it is difficult to create such a region that closely follows the geometry outside the boundary layer.
Local grid coarsening and handling convergence problems. Advanced reservoir simulation using eclipse blackoil. Spe textbook series the textbook series of the society of petroleum engineers was. Automatic grid setting may be modified for specific studies such as coning. To this end, we consider a quarter fivespot with heterogeneity sampled from on layer of the spe10 data set.
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